Mu 2017, Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku Buzima watanze igitekerezo cy’ingamba zo"kumenya hakiri kare, gusuzuma hakiri kare, no kuvurwa hakiri kare", bigamije kwibutsa abaturage kwitondera ibimenyetso mbere y'igihe. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'amafaranga nyayo yo kwa muganga,izi ngamba eshatu zabaye uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda kanseri.
Nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo ya "Global Cancer Report 2020" yashyizwe ahagaragara na OMS, biteganyijwe ko umubare wa kanseri nshya ku isi uziyongera ukagera kuri miliyoni 30.2 mu 2040 kandi umubare w’abapfuye ukagera kuri miliyoni 16.3.
Mu 2020, hazaba hari kanseri nshya miliyoni 19 ku isi.Icyo gihe, kanseri eshatu zikomeye zari zifite umubare munini wa kanseri ku isi ni: kanseri y'ibere (miliyoni 22.61), kanseri y'ibihaha (miliyoni 2.206), kanseri y'intanga (miliyoni 19.31), na kanseri y'igifu yaje ku mwanya wa gatanu ifite miliyoni 10.89,Mu mubare wa kanseri nshya, kanseri y'amara na kanseri y'igifu byagize 15.8% bya kanseri nshya zose.
Nkuko twese tubizi, uburyo bwa Manhua buvuga kuva mu kanwa kugera ku muryango w'umukororombya, bukubiyemo umwobo, igifu, amara mato, amara manini (cecum, appendix, ala y'inkondo y'umura, rectum na anal canal), umwijima, pancreas, nibindi, hamwe n'umura w'inkondo y'umura muri kanseri nshya ku isi Kanseri na kanseri y'igifu byombi ni bimwe mu bigize inzira y'igogora, bityo kanseri zifitanye isano n'igogora nazo zigomba kwitabwaho kandi ingamba "eshatu za mbere" zigashyirwa mu bikorwa.
Mu 2020, umubare w'abarwayi bashya ba kanseri mu gihugu cyanjye wageze kuri miliyoni 4.5, kandi umubare w'abapfa ba kanseri wari miliyoni 3.Abantu bagera ku 15.000 basanzwe barwaye kanseri buri munsi, naho abantu 10.4 basanzwe barwaye kanseri buri munota. Iya gatanu ni kanseri y'ibihaha.(bigizwe na 17.9% bya kanseri nshya zose),kanseri y'inkondo y'umura (12.2%), kanseri y'igifu (10.5%),kanseri y'ibere (9.1%), na kanseri y'umwijima (9%). Muri kanseri eshanu za mbere zonyine,Kanseri zo mu gifu zari 31.7% bya kanseri nshya zose.Biragaragara ko tugomba kwita cyane ku gusuzuma no gukumira kanseri y’igogora.
Ibi bikurikira ni ibyakozwe mu 2020 (iperereza ryihariye n'inama yo kwirinda kanseri ya Chang Beihui ku bantu) bijyanye na gahunda yo gukumira ububabare mu gifu no kugenzura:
Kanseri y'inkondo y'umura
1. Abantu badafite ibimenyetso by'indwara barengeje imyaka 1.45;
2. Abantu barengeje imyaka 240 bafite ibimenyetso byo kubura amaraso mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri:
3.Abarwayi barwaye indwara y'ibisebe igihe kirekire;
Abantu 4.4 nyuma yo kubagwa kanseri y'inkondo y'umura;
5. Umubare w'abaturage nyuma yo kuvurwa indwara ya colorectal adenoma;
6. Bene wabo ba hafi bafite amateka yo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura mu muryango wabo
7. Bene wabo ba hafi basanzwemo kanseri y'inkondo y'umura barengeje imyaka 20
1. Inama zo gusuzuma "Abaturage Rusange" 1-5:
(1) Gupima kanseri y'inkondo y'umura bitangira ku myaka 45, hatitawe ku bagabo cyangwa abagore, amaraso y'inkondo y'umura (FOBT) aboneka rimwe mu mwaka.
Inkondo y'umura buri myaka 10 kugeza ku myaka 75;
(2) Abari hagati y’imyaka 76 na 85, bafite ubuzima bwiza, n’abafite imyaka irenga 10 yo kubaho, bashobora gukomeza kuyitaho.
2 Dukurikije "Iperereza ku bagize umuryango wa hafi bafite amateka yo kurwara kanseri y'inkondo y'umura:
(1) Umuntu umwe wo mu rwego rwa mbere ufite adenoma cyangwa ububabare bukabije (imyaka yo gutangira ni munsi y'imyaka 60), 2
Bene wabo bo mu rwego rwa mbere ndetse n'abarengeje iyo ndwara bafite adenoma cyangwa kanseri yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (imyaka iyo ari yo yose yo gutangira), guhera ku myaka 40 (cyangwa guhera ku myaka 10 ugereranyije n'imyaka yo gutangira y'umwana muto wo mu muryango), gusuzumwa na FOBT rimwe mu mwaka, rimwe mu myaka 5 Colonoscopy;
(2) Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura indwara bafite amateka yo mu muryango wabo wo ku rwego rwa mbere (umwe gusa, kandi imyaka yo gutangira iyi ndwara iri hejuru y'imyaka 60):
Tangira kwisuzumisha ufite imyaka 40, upimwe ikizamini cya FOBT buri mwaka kandi upimwe intanga ngabo buri myaka icumi. 3 Gusuzuma abagize umuryango "kanseri y'inda iranze y'uruhererekane" inama 7;
Ku bagize umuryango w’abarwayi ba FAP na HNPCC, gupima imiterere y’uturemangingo birasabwa iyo imiterere y’uturemangingo mu barwayi ba mbere mu muryango isobanutse neza.
(1) Ku bafite ikizamini cya gene mutation, nyuma y'imyaka 20, ikizamini cya colonoscopy kigomba gukorwa buri myaka 1-2; (2) Ku bafite ikizamini cya gene mutation kitari cyiza, abaturage muri rusange bagomba gusuzumwa. 4 Uburyo bwo gusuzuma busabwa:
(1) Isuzuma rya FOBT + iperereza hagati y’ubwinshi bw’amazi ni bwo buryo bw’ingenzi bw’iperereza rya Han, kandi ibimenyetso birahagije:
(2) Gupima amaraso hakoreshejwe utunyangingo twinshi bishobora gufasha kunoza uburyo bwo kuyabara, kandi igiciro kirahenze cyane; (3) Niba ibintu bibyemereye, gusuzuma bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhuza umwanda n'amaraso.
1. Imyitozo ngororamubiri ishobora kugabanya kugaragara kwa kanseri, gukurikiza ubuyobozi bwa siporo, no koga kugira ngo wirinde umubyibuho ukabije;
2. Ibiryo byiza byo mu bwonko, kongera umunyu wa fibre n'imbuto nshya, no kwirinda indyo irimo ibinure byinshi na poroteyine nyinshi;
3 Imiti irwanya ububyimbirwe n'indwara ya kanseri idakoresha umubiri ishobora kugira akamaro mu gukumira kanseri y'amara. Abageze mu zabukuru bashobora kugerageza aspirine nke, ishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'imitsi yo mu bwonko ndetse na kanseri y'amara. Baza muganga kugira ngo akubere ikoreshwa ryihariye.
5.Gabanya kunywa itabi kugira ngo wirinde uburozi bwaryo bw'igihe kirekire n'ubushyuhe butera Qinghua Dao.
Kanseri y'igifu
Umuntu wese ufite imwe muri izi ndwara ni ikintu gishobora guteza akaga gakomeye;
1. Ufite imyaka irenga 60;
2 Indwara ya gastritis ikabije kandi ikabije;
3. Igisebe cyo mu gifu kidakira;
4. Ibibyimba byo mu gifu;
5. Ikimenyetso kinini cy'umuyoboro w'igifu upfundika;
6. Igifu gisigaye nyuma yo kubagwa kubera indwara zitari mbi;
7. Igifu gisigaye nyuma yo kubagwa kanseri y'igifu (amezi 6-12 nyuma yo kubagwa);
8. Ubwandu bwa Helicobacter pylori;
9. Amateka yumvikana neza y'umuryango ya kanseri y'igifu cyangwa yo mu muhogo;
10. Kubura amaraso mu mubiri (anemia) bikabije:
11. Polyposis yo mu muryango (FAP), amateka y'umuryango wa kanseri y'inkondo y'umura idafite polyposis (HNPCC).
Imyaka irenga 40 ifite ububabare mu nda, kubyimba inda, aside yongera gushyuha, kuribwa mu gifu n'ibindi bimenyetso by'ububabare bwo mu gice cya epigastric, na gastritis idakira, metaplasia y'amara yo mu gifu, polyps zo mu gifu, igifu gisigaye, ikimenyetso kinini cyo gupfundika kw'igifu, igisebe gihoraho cyo mu gifu n'atypia yo mu gifu. Hyperplasia n'ibindi bikomere n'ibintu bifite amateka y'ibibyimba mu muryango bigomba gukorerwa gastoscopy buri gihe hakurikijwe inama za muganga.
1. Shyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kurya no kuboneza imirire, ntukarye cyane;
2. Gukuraho ubwandu bwa Helicobacter pylori;
3. Gabanya kurya ibiryo bikonje, birungo, bishyushye cyane kandi bikomeye, ndetse n'ibiryo birimo umunyu mwinshi nk'ibinyobwa n'ibikomoka kuri kashe
4. Reka kunywa itabi;
5. Kunywa inzoga nke cyangwa kutanywa inzoga zikomeye;
6. Humura kandi ugabanuke mu buryo bukwiye
Kanseri yo mu nda
Kugeza ku myaka 40 kandi uhuye n'imwe muri izi mpamvu zikurikira zishobora gutera ibyago:
1. Mu gace gakunze kugaragaramo kanseri y'umuhogo mu gihugu cyanjye (agace gakomeye ka kanseri y'umuhogo mu gihugu cyanjye gaherereye mu ntara za Hebei, Henan na Shanxi mu majyepfo y'umusozi wa Taihang, cyane cyane mu Karere ka Cixian, muri Qinling, Dabie Mountain, mu majyaruguru ya Sichuan, Fujian, Guangdong, mu majyaruguru ya Jiangsu, Xinjiang, n'ahandi, ubutaka n'ibimera byombi byiganje mu turere dukunze kugaragaramo indwara nyinshi);
2. Ibimenyetso byo mu gifu cyo hejuru, nko kugira isesemi, kuruka, kubabara mu nda, kongera kunywa aside, kumererwa nabi mu kurya n'ibindi bimenyetso;
3. Amateka y'umuryango ku bubabare bwo mu muhogo:
4. Kurwara indwara yo mu muhogo itaratangira kanseri cyangwa ibisebe bitaratangira kanseri:
5. Kugira ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri yo mu muhogo nko kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga nyinshi, kubyibuha cyane, gukunda ibiryo bishyushye, kanseri y’umutwe n’ijosi cyangwa inzira z’ubuhumekero;
6. Kurwara indwara yo kuruhuka mu gihe cy'umuyoboro w'amaraso (CERD);
7. Ubwandu bwa virusi ya papillomavirusi (HPV) y'abantu.
Abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri yo mu muhogo:
1. Endoscopiyu isanzwe, rimwe mu myaka ibiri;
2 Endoskopiya hamwe n'ibimenyetso by'indwara ya dysplasia yoroheje, endoskopiya rimwe mu mwaka;
3 Endoskopiya hamwe n'ibimenyetso by'indwara ya dysplasia iri hagati, endoskopiya buri mezi atandatu
1. Ntukanywe itabi cyangwa ngo ureke kunywa itabi;
2. Inzoga nke cyangwa nta nzoga inyobwa;
3. Kurya indyo yuzuye, kurya imbuto n'imboga nshya nyinshi
4. Kongera imyitozo ngororamubiri no kugira ibiro bizima;
5. Ntukarye ibiryo bishyushye cyangwa ngo unywe amazi ashyushye.
Kanseri y'umwijima
Abagabo barengeje imyaka 35 n'abagore barengeje imyaka 45 mu matsinda akurikira:
1. Ubwandu bwa virusi ya hepatite B idakira (HBV) cyangwa ubwandu bwa virusi ya hepatite C idakira (HCV);
2. Abafite amateka yo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima mu muryango wabo;
3. Abarwayi ba cirrhose y'umwijima iterwa na schistosomiasis, alcohol, cirrhose y'inkari y'ibanze, n'ibindi;
4. Abarwayi bafite umwijima wangiritse bitewe n'imiti;
5. Abarwayi bafite indwara z’imikorere y’umubiri bavukana, harimo: kubura amaraso mu mubiri (hemochromatosis a-1 antitrypsin), indwara yo kubika glycogen, gutinda gukurura uruhu, tyrosinemia, nibindi;
6. Abarwayi barwaye indwara ya hepatite iterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’umubiri;
7. Abarwayi b'indwara y'umwijima iterwa n'ibinure bitari inzoga (NAFLD)
1. Abagabo barengeje imyaka 35 n'abagore barengeje imyaka 45 bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'umwijima bagomba gukorwaho iperereza;
2. Gukoresha hamwe poroteyine ya alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) na B-ultrasound y'umwijima, bipimwa buri mezi 6.
1. Urukingo rwa Hepatite B;
2. Abarwayi barwaye indwara ya hepatite idakira bagomba guhabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ziterwa na virusi vuba bishoboka kugira ngo bagabanye ukwiyongera kwa virusi ya hepatite.
3. Kureka kunywa inzoga cyangwa kugabanya;
4. Kurya indyo yoroheje no kugabanya kurya ibiryo bifite amavuta menshi
5. Irinde kurya ibiryo bifite ibihumyo.
Kanseri y'impyiko
Abantu barengeje imyaka 40, cyane cyane barengeje imyaka 50, bafite kimwe muri ibi bikurikira (ikintu cya gatandatu nticyongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y'agakoko gatera kanseri, ariko muri rusange ntibikorwa gusuzuma indwara):
1. Amateka y'umuryango ya kanseri y'indurwe na diyabete;
2. Hari amateka yo kunywa itabi igihe kirekire, kunywa inzoga, kurya ibinure byinshi n'indyo irimo poroteyine nyinshi;
3. Kuzura inda hagati n'iyo hejuru, kubabara mu nda, kubabara mu nda nta mpamvu igaragara, hamwe n'ibimenyetso nko kubura ubushake bwo kurya, umunaniro, impiswi, kugabanya ibiro, kubabara mu mugongo wo hasi, n'ibindi;
4. Inshuro nyinshi z’indwara ya pancreatitis idakira, cyane cyane pancreatitis idakira hamwe n’utubuye tw’imiyoboro ya pancreas, papilloma y’imiyoboro ya pancreas yo mu bwoko bwa mucinous, adenoma ya mucinous cystic, na tumor ikomeye ya pseudopapillary, hamwe na CA19-9 yo mu maraso iri hejuru;
5. Indwara ya diyabete iherutse kugaragara mu buryo butunguranye idafite amateka y'umuryango;
6. Helicobacter pylori (HP) yanduye, amateka ya periodontitis yo mu kanwa, indwara ya PJ, nibindi.
1. Abantu bavuzwe haruguru bapimwa ibisubizo by'ibizamini by'amaraso bya kanseri nka CA19-9, CA125 CEA, nibindi, hamwe na CT yo mu nda na MRI, kandi B-ultrasound nayo ishobora gutanga ubufasha bujyanye nayo;
2. Isuzuma rya CT cyangwa MR rimwe mu mwaka ku bantu bavuzwe haruguru, cyane cyane abafite amateka y'umuryango wabo n'ibisebe bya pancreas bihari
1. Kureka kunywa itabi no kugenzura inzoga;
2. Guteza imbere indyo yoroheje, yoroshye kugogora, kandi idafite ibinure byinshi;
3. Kurya inkoko nyinshi, amafi n'isambaza, no guteza imbere kurya imboga z'indabyo "+", nka amashu y'icyatsi, amashu, radish, broccoli, n'ibindi;
4. Guteza imbere ibikorwa byo gukora aerobics hanze
5. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibisebe bidakomeye byangirika, abafite amabuye y’imiyoboro ya pancreas, papilloma yo mu mucinous intraductal na cystic adenoma cyangwa izindi ndwara zidakomeye za pancreas bagomba gushaka abaganga ku gihe.
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Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-09-2022