1. Ikimenyetso cyo kugabanuka k'amaraso mu mitsi
Iyo umutima unaniwe mu buryo bw'iburyo utera kuziba kw'umwijima no kubyimba, umwijima ushobora gukandagirwa n'amaboko kugira ngo imitsi yo mu jisho irusheho kwaguka. Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni ukudakora neza kw'imitsi yo mu jisho ry'iburyo no kuziba kw'umwijima.
2.Ikimenyetso cya Cullen
Ikimenyetso cya Coulomb kizwi kandi nka Coulomb's, ecchymosis y'umuhengeri n'ubururu ku ruhu rukikije urugi cyangwa urukuta rwo hasi rw'inda ni ikimenyetso cyo kuva amaraso menshi mu nda, ibi bikaba bikunze kugaragara mu kuva amaraso inyuma y'inyuma, pancreatitis ikabije itera amaraso, aneurysm yo mu nda ya aorta yacitse, n'ibindi.
3.Ikimenyetso cya Gray-Turner
Iyo umurwayi arwaye pancreatitis ikabije, umutobe wa pancreas winjira mu gice cy’umubiri cyo mu rukenyerero no ku ruhande, ibinure byo mu mubiri bigashonga, maze imiyoboro y’amaraso igaturika ikava amaraso, bigatuma uruhu rusa n’umuhengeri rumera nk’urw’ubururu, ari byo byitwa Grey-Turner's sign.
4. Ikimenyetso cya Courvoisier
Iyo kanseri y'umutwe w'indurwe ikandagiye umuyoboro w'inyongo, cyangwa kanseri yo hagati n'iyo hasi y'umuyoboro w'inyongo igatera kuziba, indwara y'umuhondo igaragara. Uruhago rw'inyongo rwabyimbye, rudakomeye, rufite ubuso bworoshye kandi rushobora kwimurwa, rushobora kumenyekana, ari byo byitwa Courvoisier's sign, bizwi kandi nka progressive obstruction of the common bile duct.
5.Ikimenyetso cy'uburibwe mu nda
Kuba hari ububabare, ububabare bwo kugaruka no guhagarara kw'imitsi yo mu nda icyarimwe byitwa ikimenyetso cy'uburibwe bwo mu nda, kizwi kandi nka peritonitis triad. Ni ikimenyetso gisanzwe cya peritonitis, cyane cyane aho igisebe cy'ibanze cyabereye. Uburyo imitsi yo mu nda igenda ihagarara bitewe n'icyateye n'imiterere y'umurwayi. Imiterere rusange iratandukanye, kandi kwiyongera kw'inda ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'uko indwara irushaho kuba mbi.
6. Ikimenyetso cya Murphy
Ikimenyetso cya Murphy ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma indwara ya cholecystite ikabije. Mu gihe cyo gukubita agace k'agasabo munsi y'umurongo w'iburyo, agasabo kabyimbye karakozweho maze umurwayi asabwa guhumeka cyane. Agasabo kabyimbye kandi kabyimbye karamanuka. Umurwayi yumvise ububabare burushaho kwiyongera maze ahita ahagarika umwuka.
7. Ikimenyetso cya Mcburney
Ububabare n'ububabare bwo kugaruka ku gice cya McBurney mu nda yo hasi y'iburyo (aho umbilicus ihurira n'igice cya gatatu cyo hagati n'inyuma cy'uruti rw'umugongo rw'iburyo ruruta urw'iburyo) bikunze kugaragara mu ndwara ya appendicitis ikabije.
8. Itsinda ry'abatatu rya Charcot
Indwara yo mu nda ifata imitsi ikabije (acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis) ikunze kugaragara ku bubabare bwo mu nda, ubukonje, umuriro mwinshi, n'umuhondo w'amenyo, izwi kandi nka Chaco's triad.
1) Ububabare bwo mu nda: Bubaho munsi y’inzira ya xiphoid no mu gice cyo hejuru cy’iburyo, akenshi buterwa na colic, hamwe n’ibitero bya paroxysmal cyangwa ububabare buhoraho hamwe no kwiyongera kwa paroxysms, bishobora kunyura mu rutugu rw’iburyo no mu mugongo, bigaherekezwa no kugira isesemi no kuruka. Akenshi buterwa no kurya ibiryo bifite amavuta menshi.
2) Ubukonje n'umuriro: Nyuma yo kuziba kw'imiyoboro y'inkari, umuvuduko uri mu miyoboro y'inkari uriyongera, akenshi bigatera kwandura ubwandu bwa kabiri. Bagiteri n'uburozi bishobora gusubira mu maraso binyuze mu miyoboro y'inkari n'udukoko tw'umwijima, bigatera umwijima w'inkari, sepsis, septic shock, DIC, nibindi, muri rusange bigaragazwa n'umuriro wo kwaguka, ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bukaba buri hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 39 kugeza 40.
3) Jaundice: Nyuma y'uko amabuye azibye umuyoboro w'inkari, abarwayi bashobora kugira inkari z'umuhondo wijimye n'amabara y'umuhondo ku ruhu na sclera, kandi bamwe mu barwayi bashobora kugira uruhu rushyuha.
9. Reynolds (Renault) ibimenyetso bitanu
Gufungwa kw'amabuye ntibyoroherwa, ububyimbirwe burushaho kwiyongera, maze umurwayi akagira ikibazo cyo mu mutwe no guhungabana bishingiye kuri triad ya Charcot, yitwa pentaloji ya Raynaud.
10. Ikimenyetso cya Kehr
Amaraso yo mu nda atera imbaraga diaphragm y'ibumoso, bigatera ububabare ku rutugu rw'ibumoso, ibi bikaba bikunze kugaragara mu guturika kwa splenic.
11. Ikimenyetso cya Obturator (obturator internus imitsi)
Umurwayi yari aryamye mu ntebe ye, ikibuno cy'iburyo n'ikibero byegeranye hanyuma azunguruka imbere mu buryo butunguranye, bimutera ububabare mu nda yo hasi y'iburyo, bugaragara muri appendicitis (appendix iri hafi y'imitsi ya obturator internus).
12. Ikimenyetso cya Rovsing (ikizamini cy'izamuka ry'ibiciro mu maraso)
Umurwayi aba aryamye mu ntebe, ukuboko kwe kw'iburyo gukanda inda yo hepfo y'ibumoso n'ukw'ibumoso gukanda umura wo hafi, bigatera ububabare mu nda yo hepfo y'iburyo, nk'uko bigaragara kuri appendicitis.
13. Ikimenyetso cyo gushyuha cya X-ray barium
Barium igaragaza ibimenyetso byo kurakara mu gice cy’amara kirwaye, aho amara asohoka vuba kandi nta kuzuza neza, mu gihe kuzuza neza mu gice cyo hejuru n’icyo hasi cy’amara. Ibi byitwa X-ray barium irritation sign, ibi bikunze kugaragara ku barwayi ba igituntu cy’igikatu.
14. Ikimenyetso cy'umurambararo w'izuba/ikimenyetso cy'intego
Mu gihe cy’indwara ya Crohn, CT enterography (CTE) irushijeho kuba nziza igaragaza ko urukuta rw’amara rwabyimbye cyane, umwobo w’amara urushaho kwiyongera, igice cy’urukuta rw’amara gishyizwe mu byiciro, kandi impeta y’imbere mu mucosal n’impeta y’inyuma ya serosa byongerewe cyane, bigaragaza ikimenyetso cy’umurambararo w’amara cyangwa ikimenyetso cy’intego.
15. Ikimenyetso cy'imbaho cy'amatako
Mu gihe cy’indwara ya Crohn, CT enterography (CTE) igaragaza ukwiyongera kw’imitsi y’amaraso ya mesenteric, mu buryo bujyanye n’uko ibinure bya mesenteric byiyongera no kubura, hamwe no kwiyongera kwa lymph node ya mesenteric, bigaragaza "ikimenyetso cy’imbaho cy’igitambaro".
16. Azotemie yo mu bwoko bwa enterogenic
Nyuma yo kuva amaraso menshi mu gice cyo hejuru cy’igifu, ibikomoka kuri poroteyine zo mu maraso byinjira mu mara, kandi ubwinshi bwa azote ya urea mu maraso bushobora kwiyongera by’igihe gito, ari byo byitwa azotemia ya enterogenic.
17. Indwara ya Mallory-Weiss
Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'iyi ndwara ni ukwiyongera gutunguranye k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu nda bitewe no kugira isesemi ikomeye, kuruka n'izindi mpamvu, bigatuma mucosa na submucosa by'umutima wo mu gice cya kure cy'umutima n'umuyoboro w'amaraso, bityo bigatera kuva amaraso mu gifu cyo hejuru. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni indwara yo mu nda itunguranye, ibanzirizwa no kunyara kenshi cyangwa kuruka, yitwa kandi indwara yo mu ruhu rw'amaso n'umutima.
18. Indwara ya Zollinger-Ellison (gastrinoma, Zollinger-66Ellison syndrome)
Ni ubwoko bwa kanseri y’imisemburo yo mu nda irangwa n’ibisebe byinshi, ahantu hadasanzwe, kuba umuntu ashobora guhura n’ibibazo by’ibisebe, no kudakira neza imiti isanzwe igabanya ibisebe. Impiswi, aside nyinshi yo mu gifu, no kwiyongera k’urugero rwa gastrin mu maraso bishobora kwiyongera.
Gastrinomas ubusanzwe ni nto, kandi hafi 80% biba biri mu gice cya "gastrinoma" (ni ukuvuga aho agasabo k'inkari n'umuyoboro wa bile uhurira, igice cya kabiri n'icya gatatu cya duodenum, n'ijosi n'umubiri wa pancreas). Muri mpandeshatu igizwe n'aho ihurira), ibirenga 50% bya gastrinomas ni bibi, kandi bamwe mu barwayi baranduye iyo bavumbuwe.
19. Indwara yo gutakaza ubwiherero
Nyuma yo kubagwa gastrectomy, bitewe no kubura ubushobozi bwo kugenzura pylorus, ibikubiye mu gifu bisohoka vuba cyane, bigatera ibimenyetso byinshi byitwa dumping syndrome, ibi bikaba bikunze kugaragara muri PII anastomosis. Dukurikije igihe ibimenyetso bigaragara nyuma yo kurya, bigabanyijemo ubwoko bubiri: kare na nyuma yo kurya.
●Indwara yo gutakaza amazi mu nda hakiri kare: Ibimenyetso bya hypovolemia y'igihe gito nko gucika intege, gushyuha ibyuya, umunaniro, no kugaragara mu maso hake bigaragara nyuma y'igice cy'isaha nyuma yo kurya. Bijyana no kugira isesemi no kuruka, kuribwa mu nda no gucibwamo.
●Indwara yo gutakaza amaraso nyuma yo kurya: ibaho nyuma y'amasaha 2 kugeza kuri 4 nyuma yo kurya. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ukuzunguruka, isura yera, ibyuya bikonje, umunaniro, no gushyuha kw'umutima vuba. Uburyo ibiryo byinjira mu mara, bitera imisemburo myinshi ya insuline, ibi bigatuma habaho hypoglycemia ikabije. Nanone yitwa hypoglycemia syndrome.
20. Indwara yo kubura umwuka (absorptive dystrophy syndrome)
Ni indwara iterwa n’uko intungamubiri zidahagije bitewe n’imikorere mibi y’amara mato mu gusya no kwinjiza intungamubiri, bigatuma intungamubiri zidashobora kwinjiza neza no gusohoka mu mwanda. Mu buvuzi, akenshi igaragara nk’impiswi, ubunanuke, uburemere, ibinure n’ibindi bimenyetso byo kwinjiza ibinure, bityo nanone yitwa steatorrhea.
21. Indwara ya PJ (indwara ya polyposis ifite ibara ry'uruhu, PJS)
Ni indwara idakunze kugaragara ya autosomal dominant tumor syndrome irangwa no guhindagurika kw'uruhu n'imitsi, polyps nyinshi za hamartomatous mu nzira y'igifu, ndetse no kwangirika kw'ikibyimba.
PJS ibaho kuva mu bwana. Uko abarwayi bagenda bakura, indwara zo mu gifu zigenda ziyongera buhoro buhoro, bigatera ingorane zitandukanye, nko kubura uburyo bwo kwinjira mu nda, kuziba amara, kuva amaraso mu gifu, kanseri, imirire mibi, no kudakura neza mu mikurire y'abana.
22. Indwara yo mu gifu
Umuvuduko wo mu nda w'umuntu usanzwe wegeranye n'umuvuduko wo mu kirere, uri hagati ya 5 na 7 mmHg.
Umuvuduko w'imbere mu nda ≥12 mmHg ni umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu nda, naho umuvuduko w'imbere mu nda ≥20 mmHg uherekejwe n'ingaruka mbi z'ingingo zifitanye isano n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu nda ni indwara y'ibibyimba mu nda (ACS).
Ibimenyetso by’uburwayi: Umurwayi agira ikibazo cyo gufunga igituza, guhumeka nabi, guhumeka nabi, no gutera k’umutima kwihuta. Kubyimba inda no guhangayika cyane bishobora guherekezwa no kubabara mu nda, amajwi yo mu mara aragabanuka cyangwa akabura, nibindi. Hypercapnia (PaCO?> 50 mmHg) na oliguria (inkari zisohoka mu isaha iri munsi ya 0.5 mL/kg) bishobora kubaho mu ntangiriro za ACS. Anuria, azotemia, kunanirwa guhumeka no kugabanuka k’umutima mu mara bibaho mu cyiciro cya nyuma.
23. Indwara y'imitsi itera amaraso ya mesenteric iruta izindi
Bizwi kandi nka benign duodenal stasis na duodenal stasis, urukurikirane rw'ibimenyetso biterwa n'aho umutsi wa mesenteric uhagaze mu buryo budasanzwe ugakanda igice cy'umugongo wa duodenum, bigatera kuziba igice cyangwa burundu kwa duodenum.
Bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore bakuru bafite asthenic. Harimo gucika intege, isesemi no kuruka. Ikintu kigaragara muri iyi ndwara ni uko ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'uko umubiri uhagaze. Iyo umuntu aryamye, ibimenyetso byo gukanda birushaho kwiyongera, mu gihe iyo umuntu ahagaze, ahagaze mu ivi cyangwa mu gituza, cyangwa mu ruhande rw'ibumoso, ibimenyetso bishobora koroherwa.
24. Indwara y'uburibwe bw'uruhu rwo mu maso
Indwara yo gucibwamo, kubura amaraso, kudafata neza no kugabanya ibiro biterwa no guhagarara kw'ibiri mu mara mato no kwiyongera kwa bagiteri mu mara. Igaragara cyane cyane mu kurema uduce duto tw'amabara cyangwa udusaho tw'amabara (ni ukuvuga udusaho tw'amabara) nyuma yo kubagwa mu gifu no kugabanya amaraso mu gifu. Kandi iterwa no guhagarara kw'amabara.
25. Indwara y'amara magufi
Bivuze ko nyuma yo gucibwamo amara mato cyangwa kuyakuramo bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye, igice cy'amara gifata neza kiragabanuka cyane, kandi amara asigaye ntashobora gukomeza imirire y'umurwayi cyangwa ibyo umwana akeneye mu mikurire ye, hamwe n'ibimenyetso nk'impiswi, indwara za aside-base/water/electrolyte, hamwe n'indwara ziganjemo ibibazo byo kwinjiza no gukoresha intungamubiri zitandukanye.
26. Indwara y'umwijima
Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ubuvuzi ni oliguria, anuria na azotemia.
Impyiko z'umurwayi nta bisebe bikomeye zari zifite. Bitewe n'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu muyoboro w'amaraso (portal hypertension) n'imiyoboro y'amaraso ihindagurika cyane (splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation), uburyo amaraso atembera mu mubiri bwaragabanutse cyane, kandi ibintu bitandukanye bigabanya imitsi nka prostaglandins, nitric oxide, glucagon, atrial natriuretic peptide, endotoxin, na calcium gene-related peptides ntibishobora gufungwa n'umwijima, bigatuma imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mubiri yaguka; ingano nini y'amazi yo mu muyoboro w'amaraso ishobora gutuma umuvuduko w'amaraso mu nda wiyongera cyane, ibi bikaba byagabanya uburyo amaraso atembera mu mpyiko, cyane cyane ko impyiko zidafite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, bigatuma impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza.
80% by'abarwayi bafite indwara ikomeza kwiyongera vuba bapfa mu byumweru 2. Ubwoko bw'indwara ikomeza kwiyongera buhoro buhoro bukunze kugaragara mu buvuzi, akenshi bugaragaza ko inda isohoka nabi kandi impyiko zigatangira gukora buhoro buhoro.
27. Indwara y'umwijima n'ibihaha
Hashingiwe ku ndwara ya cirrhose y'umwijima, nyuma yo gukuramo indwara z'umutima n'ibihaha, hagaragara ikibazo cyo kubura umwuka n'ibimenyetso bya hypoxia nko gucikamo umwuka no gufunga intoki (amano), bifitanye isano no kwaguka kw'imitsi mu maraso no kudakora neza kwa ogisijeni mu mitsi, kandi ubwiyongere bw'indwara ni bubi.
28. Indwara ya Mirizzi
Kubabara mu ijosi ry'inkari cyangwa mu miyoboro y'amaraso, cyangwa bivanze no kubyimba kw'inkari, igitutu
Bibaho mu gushyira cyangwa kugira ingaruka ku muyoboro usanzwe w’umwijima, bigatera kwiyongera kw’ingingo ziwukikije, kubyimba cyangwa gucika intege k’umuyoboro usanzwe w’umwijima, kandi mu buvuzi bigaragazwa n’uruhererekane rw’indwara ziterwa n’umuhondo wo mu nda, indwara ya biliary colic cyangwa cholangitis.
Ishingiro ry'imiterere yayo ni uko umuyoboro wa cystic n'umuyoboro usanzwe w'umwijima biba birebire cyane cyangwa aho umuyoboro wa cystic n'umuyoboro usanzwe w'umwijima bihurira bikaba biri hasi cyane.
29. Indwara ya Budd-Chiari
Indwara ya Budd-Chiari, izwi kandi nka Budd-Chiari syndrome, yerekeza ku itsinda ry'indwara y'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu muyoboro wa portal cyangwa portal na inferior vena cava iterwa no kuziba k'imitsi y'umwijima cyangwa inferior vena cava iri hejuru y'aho ifunguye.
30. Indwara ya Caroli
Kugabanuka kw'imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mwijima. Uburyo ikoreshwa ntabwo busobanutse neza. Bishobora kuba bisa na choledochal cyst. Kugaragara kwa cholangiocarcinoma ni byinshi kurusha uko abantu benshi babibona. Ibimenyetso bya mbere by'indwara ni ububabare bw'umwijima n'inda, ahanini nk'indwara ya biliary colic, igoranye kubera indwara ya bagiteri. Umuriro n'umuhondo w'amenyo bibaho mu gihe cyo kubyimba, kandi urwego rw'umuhondo muri rusange ni ruto.
31. Indwara y'ibibyimba mu gihe cy'impyiko
Ni indwara yo kwituma mu rugo iterwa no kuziba k'aho umwobo wo hasi mu kibuno usohoka bitewe no kubabara cyangwa kwiyongera kw'imitsi ya puborectalis.
32. Indwara yo mu gituza cyo hasi mu nda
Bivuga itsinda ry'indwara ziterwa n'imiterere mibi y'imitsi mu gice cyo hasi cy'ikibuno harimo ururenda, imitsi ya levator ani, n'umuyoboro w'inyuma w'ikibuno. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi by'indwara ni ukugorwa no kwituma cyangwa kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, ndetse n'umuvuduko n'ububabare mu gice cyo hasi cy'ikibuno. Izi ndwara rimwe na rimwe zirimo kugorwa no kwituma imibonano mpuzabitsina, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kugorwa no kwituma imibonano mpuzabitsina. Mu bihe bikomeye, birababaza cyane.
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Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-06-2024